Module 2: Shaping and Transforming Data

Data in its raw form is rarely ready for reporting or analysis. In this module, you will learn how to use SQL’s powerful built-in functions to transform, clean, and reshape your data directly within your queries.

Learning Objectives

In this module, you will:

• Implement “If-Then” logic in SQL using the CASE statement.
• Clean and manipulate text data using string functions.
• Master date and time arithmetic and extraction.
• Convert data between types (e.g., String to Integer) using CAST.
• Effectively manage missing data using COALESCE and NULLIF.

Chapters

2.1 Conditional Logic Using the CASE statement for dynamic row-level logic.

2.2 String Manipulation Functions for cleaning and extracting text: SUBSTRING, REPLACE, and more.

2.3 Date and Time Functions Performing calculations and extracting parts from timestamps.

2.4 Type Conversion Explicitly casting data types and handling implicit conversions.

2.5 Handling Missing Values Using COALESCE and NULLIF to manage NULLs effectively.

Note

Most functions in this module are Scalar Functions, meaning they operate on a single value and return a single value for every row in your result set.